Revolution in Cuba

The revolution in Cuba was not a result of economic deprivation, nor because

of high expectations in the economy, it was the political factors and

expectations which evoked the civilians to revolt. The Cuban economy was

moving forward at the time before the rebellion but the dominant influence

of the sugar industry made the economy "assymetrical" and encouraged no

"dynamic industrial sector". Because of the dependance on sugar, the

unemployment rate ranged between 16 and 20% rising and falling with sugar

prices, ebbing and flowing as the season changed. The rural wage levels

were incredibly unsteady and unpredictable; the standard of living was low.

Dependance on the sugar industry did not retard the economy of Cuba, just

the wages of its workers. It was the leaders of the nation who reaped

profit from this dependance, and it was the leaders of the nation who

insisted on keeping the nation the way it was. By the mid 1950's, however,

the middle class had expanded to 33% of the population. Democracy, as we

know it, broke down: the large middle class did not assert democratic

leadership, there was no social militancy in the working class ranks, and

the people found order preferable to disarray. Batista could no longer

legitimize his regime . Failure in the elections of 1954 showed the

discontent of the people, and failure in communications with the United

States illustrated its discontent. Finally, opposing forces confronted

Batista's power: there were street protests, confrontations with the

police, assault, sabotage, and urban violence. This began the revolution

in Cuba.

America, with its stubborn ideas and misjudgements of character, forced

Castro to turn to the Soviets for alliance and aid. When Castro visited

the United States in April, 1959, there were different respected

individuals holding different views of him and his future actions. Nixon

believed Castro to be naive, some others thought him a welcome change from

Batista, still others called him an "immature but effective leader, without

a well formed view of how to lead a revolutionary movement and not overly

concerned with abstract of philosophical matters" (p. 55). Why, then, did

the United States impress nit-picky ideals like "there should not be

communists in the Army or in labor", or "Cuba's approach to the Batista

trials is totally unacceptable, too casual, too nonchalant" on this

"forming" leader? Castro was like an inexperienced murderer with a gun in

his hand: any rustle in the background could set off his nervous trigger

finger causing death, destruction, and liaisons with the U.S.S.R. When

America expressed dislike of the trial procedures Castro was holding, of

course he (Castro) would try to prove he was able to run his country by

himself and snub the U.S. ambassador. The United States had so much

invested in Cuba that it was stupid to think that Cuba could not retaliate

when the U.S. cut off sugar imports. America was just too sure of itself

thinking it could get away with criticism and acts like that when an

"immature" leader was in control. Cuba was not totally dependant on the

United States and proved itself so. If Cuba could not find help and

support in America, it sought elsewhere for those who smiled on its actions

and ideals. Castro found friends in Russia; the United States made this

so.

Succeeding and failing have alot to do with judgement. For the United

States, the revolution was a failure because the result was a communist

nation in the Carribean. For the revolutionarie s in Cuba, the revolution

accomplished many of their goals: capitalism was abolished and socialism

installed eroding class distinctions and eliminating private property, the

working conditions improved, women's rights improved, labor unions were

recogniz ed, the military became more modern and advanced, political order

was restored, the status of the country improved from dependant to

independant, and many more. For the people of Cuba, therefore, the

revolution can be viewed as a success (if communism ca n be seen as

acceptable), but for America, the result was a failure.

Latin America is one of the poorest and underdeveloped sections of the

world. Because of this fact, it is difficult for its nations to compete and

thrive in the world market with modern nations as they struggle to

industrialize and improve their status. Capitalism, as a basis for an

economy, means that each man has to struggle to make a living, that each

man may fail and starve, and that each man may get a lucky break and

thrive. We saw this struggle of the lower classes clearly in Mexico during

their industrialization. With communism, a man may not become of greater

status than he is born with, but then again that status is no better than

his neighbors; this man is, however, guaranteed a certain amount of land,

for example, and a certain home and a certain salary. To the poor, those

threatened by the extreme of starving, this idea is very appitizing. To a

nation undergoing change, where there are many poor and these poor co uld

get hurt by the industrialization, communism is appealing in every way.

The United States has to learn that it is not in total control. We

cannot go around condemning countries which hold procedures different than

our own. The developing count ries in Latin America must struggle through

economically and politically hard times to reach their own maturity; this

means experimentating with different styles of government to find out which

is best for the specific country. If America wants democrac y to reign

over the Carribean, Central, and South America, it should make the idea

appealing, show these countries that it can work. America should support

strong democratic leaders, encourage capitalistic moves they (the

countries) make, and advise the nations when they need or ask for it.

Mexico is an example where democracy worked, in Cuba, it didn't. Force

will get us nowhere in preventing the spread of communism, either will

cutting off relations with countries who are still debating U. S. A. or U

. S. S. R. America has too many interests in Latin America to force it

into alliance with the Soviets. If America is supportive and acts like a

friend--not a dictator--these nations will develop naturally and see that

democracy is the best for them.